Greetings TS welcome to the Forum !
Those bare wires will do that every time !
Need to get them exposed and away from the Frame or each other. Ya got a direct short there !
Unfortunately, most of the Fans are wired with wire that's just barely large enough to make them operate, and have very little tolerance to a short. There may be damage to that light wire, which is not obvious.
Let's make sure that you've turned the Breaker off at the Panel first, then proceed to check, tape and isolate the problem area.
Re-Set the Breaker, and try it again.
Have a good Day !
S.W.