oil filter leak found during leak check

I changed the oil and filter in my vehicle. After starting up the vehicle, I heard a swiching pulsing sound. I stopped the engine after maybe 30 seconds of hearing the noise. I then looked under the engine and saw the source of the noise. The oil was spitting from the oil filter seal. Not sure how much oil leaked out in the minute or so that the engine was running. Looked like a lot when it is sprayed everywhere.
My question is, would any engine damage be possible in that amount of time? It was starting with 5 quarts of fresh oil. Again, running for about 1 or 2 minutes.
Thank you.

For the little amount of time the motor was running the odds are in your favor that every thing if fine inside. As you noticed when oil sprays it looks like allot but odds are you only lost a little.

Big question was it a cracked O-ring or debris on the filter seat?

Yes an engine damage is possible, since you've started hearing some noise before you realize there was a leak. The job of the oil is to lubricate all internal running parts starting from the crankshaft con rod metal bearings, and if this parts get starved of oil metal to metal contact will ensue causing serious wear and noise. Normally, if your oil switch is tied up to the engine circuitory, the engine should stop under low oil pressure, but if not a warning sign should appear on your dash board. check your metal bearing condition.

remove the oil and change the fliter. check the oil do you see any metal shavings in it or does it look greyish in color.